Planning limbic system

December 1 / 2017

Stage: b) planning

Approaches to learning: Information management and media literacy skills because I searched for information about the topics I am researching and synthesized it in order for it to be a lot easier to understand.

During the process of planning every single part of the brain I came to the conclusion that I was writing a lot of entries and just mentioning around two or three parts, if I continued doing that it would take me hundreds of entries to entirely plan the brain, so, I decided to divide the parts that I was missing and research them in groups, such as the limbic system or the basal ganglia that inside of them have a lot of tiny parts that require explanation. This way, I will be able to explain a lot more in greater quantities and diminish the working time.

Limbic system: - Included in this system are the hypothalamus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, epithalamus, mammillary body and the hippocampus.

https://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-AnatBrain.htm
http://www.human-memory.net/brain_parts.html

Amygdala: - It is essencial in the ability to feel, perceive and remember certain emotions such as fear.
- It is located at the end of the hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe.
- It is the reason we are afraid of things that are out of our control
- It controls the way we react to certain stimuli.
- If you take it away you will no longer have fear.
- It is an almond shaped set of neurons.

http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_04/d_04_cr/d_04_cr_peu/d_04_cr_peu.html
http://brainmadesimple.com/amygdala.html

Cingulate gyrus: - It covers the corpus callosum
- It is involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation
- Regulates autonomic motor functions
- It can be divided into anterior and posterior segments
- Some of its functions include maternal bonding, emotional responses to pain, decision making, communication, and it regulates aggressive behavior amongst others.
- The anterior cingulate gyrus has connections with speech and vocalization areas in the frontal lobe.
- It is involved in bonding and attachment.
- It as connections with the amygdala.
- Depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders may be associated with problems regarding the cingulate gyrus.
- The posterior cingulate gyrus plays a role in spatial memory, it also relays signals between the spinal cord and brain.

https://www.thoughtco.com/cingulate-gyrus-and-the-limbic-system-4078935

Corpus callosum: - It allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain through transmitting neural messages.
- Located above the thalamus and under the cortex
- It is a bundle of nerve tissue that contains over 200 million axons.
- Largest collection of white matter within the brain (white matter allows communication between different parts of the brain).
- It has a high myelin content.
- In preventing seizures, doctors can cut the corpus callosum because it disrupts contact between the hemispheres and it isolates the seizure keeping it from spreading.

http://brainmadesimple.com/corpus-callosum.html
https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/corpus-callosum

Thalamus: - It is located between the brain and the cerebral cortex.
- Located below the corpus callosum.
- It relays information from sensory receptors to areas of the brain where it can be processed.
- Involved in sensory and motor signal relay as well as the regulation of consciousness and sleep.
- It sends signals to the cortex and receives signals from the cortex as well.
- It also regulates the senses (sight, sound, taste.....).
- Involved in regulation of some types of memory.

http://www.strokeeducation.info/brain/brainstem/thalamus/index.htm
http://brainmadesimple.com/thalamus.html

Epithalamus: - It consists of the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei

https://www.docneuro.com/hypothalamus-subthalamus-and-epithalamus.html

Pineal gland: - Curiously known as the third eye

- It is an endocrine gland that produces a hormone called melatonin, that has a very important role in the sleep-wake cycle and the body´s response to  

- Located near to the center of the brain between the left and right hemispheres

- It is shaped like a tiny pine cone of around 8mm in humans with a reddish gray color.

- It is surrounded by a layer of pia mater, the innermost layer of the meninges that covers the brain and the spinal cord.

- It resembles very much the structure of nervous tissue because it mostly consists of astrocytes and pinealocytes.

http://www.crystalinks.com/thirdeyepineal.html
http://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv02/nerv64-new.html

Habenular nuclei: - It seems to connect the limbic system and the reticular formation of the brainstem
- It is a nucleus of the diencephalon.

https://www.docneuro.com/hypothalamus-subthalamus-and-epithalamus.html
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-habenular-nuclei

Mammillary body: - They are are a paired structure, meaning there are two.
- They have a role in memory and and maintaining a sense of direction.
- They are connected to the hippocampus, the thalamus and the midbrain.

https://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/know-your-brain-mammillary-bodies